全球新资讯：新概念4 Lesson 42 Recording and earthquake学习笔记

原文：An earthquakecomes like a thief in the night, without warning. 

地震就像夜间的小偷，不打招呼就来了。

(相关资料图)

1) 此处将地震比喻成深夜偷偷溜进来的小偷。此句采用的是明喻的手法。

earthquake [ˈɜː(r)θˌkweɪk] n. 地震

eg: Ever since the earthquake of December 2003, Bam in Southern Iran is nothing but rubble and ruin.

自从2003年的地震后，在伊朗南方的巴姆镇只留下了碎石和废墟。

原文：It was necessary, therefore, to invent instruments that neither slumberednor slept. 

因此，有必要发明一种仪器，既不打盹儿，也不睡觉。

2) It为先行主语，to invent instruments...为句子的真正主语

that引导的是定语从句，修饰instruments

slumber  [ˈslʌmbə(r) v./n. 睡眠

eg: The loud buzzing of an alarm clock woke the girl from her slumber.

一阵喧闹的闹钟声吵醒了女孩，她睡眼惺松地关上闹钟。

原文：Some devices were quite simple. One, for instance, consisted of rods of various lengths and thicknesses which would stand up on endlike ninepins. 

有些装置非常简单。例如，有一种装置是由一些长短、粗细不同的木棒组成，就像九柱戏的木棒一样坚立着.

3) stand up on end 竖立着

eg：Jack tried to stand up on the head but (he) failed.

杰克想用头着地倒立，可是没有立起来。

ninepin ['naɪnpɪn] n.九柱戏中的木柱

原文：When a shock came, it shook therigidtable upon which these stood. 

一旦有地震，就会震动竖立在坚硬的桌上的木棒。

4) it指 a shock

upon which these stood 为定语从句，修饰 table

these 指 rods of various lengths and thicknesses

rigid  ['rɪdʒɪd] adj.死板的；僵硬的；固执的；僵化的

eg: Of course we can assume that the moom surface is very rigid, the landing vehicle would not be able to leave traces of it. 

我们当然可以假设月球表面十分坚硬，不足以让登陆车留下痕迹。

原文：If it were gentle, only the more unstable rods fell. If it were severe, they all fell. 

如果地震轻微，只有不稳定的木棒倒下；如果地震剧烈，所有的木棒都会例下。

5) 这两个句子中的it 均指 a shock。 they 指 rods of various lengths and thicknesses。

原文：Thus the rods, by falling, and by the direction in which they fell, recorded for the slumbering scientist the strength of a shock that was too weak to waken him, and the direction from which it came.

由于地震太弱而未惊醒科学家时，木棒倒下的多少和倒下的方向就为科学家记录下了地震的强度和地震方向。

6) by falling, and by the direction... 为并列方式状语, 表示“通过跌倒和跌倒的方向”。

in which they felt 为定语从句修饰the direction

for the slumbering scientist 表示“为那些睡觉的科学家记录”。

the strength of a shock... and the direction为动词 recorded 的并列宾语。

原文：But instruments far more delicatethan that were needed if any really serious advance was to be made. 

但是，如果要取得真正重大的进展，需要有比这种装置精细得多的仪器.

7) far more delicate than that 作定语修饰 instruments。 

be to do sth.表示“想要做某事”“计划做某事”

eg: She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。

delicate  ['delɪkət] adj.精致的，微妙的，脆弱的，熟练的，柔和的

eg: She looks very delicate and pretty with a pair of big eyes.

她长相很清秀，一双大大的眼睛.

原文：The ideal to be aimed at was to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper, the movements of the ground or of the table as the quake passed by. 

理想的目标是设计出这样一种仪器：当地震发生时，它能用笔在纸上记录下大地和桌子运动情况。

8) to be aimed at 为动词不定式，作定语，修怖 The ideal。 

to devise an instrument 为动词不定式短语，作表语。

the movements of ...作 record 的宾语, 由于宾语太长，放在了后面

of the ground or of the table作定语，修饰the movements。

as the quake passed by为时间状语从句，修饰 that could record...

原文：While I write my pen moves, but the paper keeps still. With practice, no doubt, I could in timelearn to write by holding the pen still while the paper moved. 

我写字时，笔是移动的，纸是静止的。毫无疑问，经过练习，我最终能够学会笔不动而纸动来写字。

9) With practice 作状语，表示“通过练习”。

by holding the pen still...为方式状语。

in time 最终; 早晚

eg:  In time, such floating islands of debris will disappear.

早晚有一天，这些漂浮的残骸岛会消失。

原文：That soundsa silly suggestion, but that was precisely the idea adopted in some of the early instruments (seismometers) for recording earthquake waves. 

这听起来似乎是一种愚蠢的想法，但是早期记录地震波的仪器（地震仪）正是采用了这中思路。

10) That 指前句所提到的“笔不动而纸移动的书写方式”。sounds在此处为系动词，a silly suggestion 为表语。

adopted in some of 为过去分词短语，作定语修饰 the idea。 

for recordiug作定语，修饰instruments

seismometer  [saɪz'mɒmɪtə] n. 【地】(比 seismograph 精密的)测震仪；地震检波器

eg: As is well known, geologists can measure and locate an earthquake with a seismometer.

众所周知，地质学家能用地震检波器来测量和定位地震发生的等级和位置。

原文：But when table, penholderand paper are all moving, how is it possible to write legibly? The key to a solution of that problemlay inan everyday observation. Why does a person standing in a bus or traintend to fall when a sudden start is made? It is because his feet move on, but his head stays still. 

可是，当桌子、夹笔装置、纸都在移动时，怎么能书写得清楚呢？可以从我们的日常生活观察中找到这个问题的答案。一个站在公共汽车或火车上，当车突然开动时，他为什么会倾倒呢？这是因为他的脚动了，而他的头保持着静止。

11) penholder  ['penˌhəʊldə] n. 笔架；笔杆； 【体】(乒乓球运动的)直握球拍打法(亦作 penholder grip)

eg: I'll tell you that the mountain is like a penholder.

我来告诉你，这座山就像一个笔架。

legibly ['ledʒəblɪ] adv. 明白地；易读地  legible  ['ledʒəb(ə)l] adj.

eg: Please fill in this entry form fully and legibly. 请完整填写本报名表格。

lie in (原因,本质等)在于,存在于 

eg: A person's value, should lie in how much he contributes but not in how much he obtains.

一个人的价值，应该看他贡献什么，而不应当看他取得什么。

tend to 倾向于；有助于

eg:  We adults seem to be so engaged in doing things a certain way, we tend to forget that there are other ways to get things done.

我们成年人似乎非常乐于以特定的方式做事，却往往忘了还有别的方式也能达到目的。

原文：A simple experiment will help us a little further. 

再做一个简单的实验可以帮助我们进一步理解这个问题。

原文：Tie a heavy weight at the end of a long piece of string. With the hand held high in the air, hold the string so that the weight nearly touches the ground. 

把一个生物拴在一根长绳子的一端，把手高高举在空中握住绳子，让重物几乎接触地面。

12) 该句为祈使句,谓语动词是hold。

With the hand...作方式状语,修饰 hold。

so that 引导目的状语从句。

原文：Now move the hand to and fro and around but not up and down. 

然后把手前后左右以及旋转摆动，但不要上下摆动。

13) to and fro 作方式状语，意即“来来回回地”

原文：It will be found that the weight moves but slightly or not at all. 

结果会发现，重物是动了，但动得很小，甚至没动。

14) It 作先行主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语。

but slightly or not at all 但动得很小甚至没动。

原文：Imagine a pen attached to the weight in such a way thatits point rests upona piece of paper on the floor. 

假定把一支笔拴在重物上，笔尖落在地板上的一张纸上。

15) attached to the weight 为过去分词短语，作定语，修饰 a pen

on such a way 为介词短语，作方式状语，饰 attached。

that引导的是定语从句，修饰 such a way。

rest upon/on 支撑在，搁在

eg: All our hopes rest upon the arrival of the shipment.

抵达的物资支持着我们的希望。

原文：Imagine an earthquake shockshaking the floor, the paper, you and your hand.In the midst ofall this movement, the weight and the pen would be still. But as the paper moved from side to side under the pen point, its movement would be recorded in ink upon its surface. 

假定地震发生了，地板、纸、你和你的手都会动，重物和笔却不动。由于纸在笔下来回运动，纸的表面就会用墨水记录下地板运动的情况。

16) shaking... 为宾语补足语

in the midst of... 在……之中

eg: She found him in the midst of a group of his usual friends.

她在他的一群老朋友中找到了他

from side to side 左右摇

eg:  As the sea became rougher and the boat rolled from side to side, many passenger began to look green.

由于海浪更加汹涌，船左右颠簸，许多乘客都开始面色发白。

原文：It was upon this principle thatthe first instruments were made, but the paper was wrapped round a drumwhich rotated slowly. As long as all was still, the pen drew a straight line, but while the drum was being shaken, the line that the pen was drawing wriggled from side to side. 

根据这一原理，制造出了最初的地震仪器，但是纸是卷在慢慢放置的圆筒上的。只要一切都是静止的，笔就会划出一条直线；但是，圆筒受到震动，笔所画出的线就会就会左右摆动。

17) 该句为强调结构。强调部分是 upon this principle。该句的正常语序为：The first instruments were made upon this principle

drum [drʌm] n. 鼓状物; 鼓；滚筒；（装油或化学剂的）大桶；[IDM] 

beat/bang the drum (for sb/sth) （为…）竭力鼓吹，摇旗呐喊

v. 打鼓；击鼓；连续敲击…使发出咚咚声；不停地击打

eg:  This will allow washing machine drum to vibrate, and accompanied by a strong noise.

这将使洗衣机滚筒产生振动，并伴随着强烈的噪声。

wriggle  ['rɪɡ(ə)l] v. 蠕动；扭动身体；扭来扭去；甩动而行

n. 扭动；蠕动；蜿蜒行进

eg: You may have to wriggle around a bit to do this .

在这一个过程中，你可能得四处扭动身体。

原文：The apparatus thus described, however, records only the horizontal component of the wave movement, which is, in fact, much more complicated. 

然而，这里所说的仪器记录下来的只是地震波运动中的水平部份，地震波的运动实际比这要复杂得多。

18) thus described 作定语，修饰 The apparatus。 

which 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰the horizontal component

component  [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n. 成分；部件；组成部分 adj.构成的

eg:  Financial information, however, comprises the largest component of every management information system.

然而，财务信息是构成管理信息系统的绝大组成部分。

原文：If we could actually see the path described by a particle, such as a sand grain in the rock, it would be more like that of a bluebottle buzzing round the room; 

假如我们真能看到诸如岩石中一个沙粒子的运动轨迹，那就像一只嗡嗡叫的绿头苍蝇在屋内飞行的轨迹;

19) that指 the path。

buzzing round the room 为现在分词短语，作定语，修饰a bluebottle

bluebottle  [ˈbluːˌbɒt(ə)l] n. 绿头苍蝇

原文：it would be up and down, to and fro and from side to side. Instruments have been devised and can be so placed thatall three elements can be recorded in different graphs.

呈现出上上下下、来来回回、左左右右3种性质的运动。已经设计出了一些仪器，它按照一定的安放方式就可测绘出这三种运动的曲线图。

20) all three elements 指 up and down, to and fro and from side to side

graph  [ɡrɑːf] n. 图；图表；曲线图; v. 把…绘入图表；用胶版印刷

eg: They made a graph of how hot the weather was every day for a month.

他们画了一幅表示一个月内每天天气有多热的曲线图。

原文：When the instrument is situated at more than 700 miles from the earthquake centre, the graphic record shows three waves arriving one after the otherat short intervals. The first records the arrival of longitudinalvibrations. The second marks the arrival oftransversevibrations which travel more slowly and arrive several minutes after the first.

如果把这种仪器安装在距震源700多英里远的地方，曲线记录就能显示出前后相同的这3种地震波。首先记录下的是纵向波的到达；然后记录下的是横向波的到达，横向波比纵向波传播得慢，在纵向波到过几分钟后能到达。

21)be situated at 位于，安装于

eg: The first-class compartment is situated at the front of the train.

头等车厢位于火车的前部。

graphic /ˈɡræfɪk/ adj.  图示的

eg:  As the name implies, graphic news refers to reporting news events that have taken place by utilizing the form of graphics.

顾名思义，图表新闻就是运用图表的形式对所发生的新闻事件进行报道。

arriving one after the other 作宾语补足语。

one after the other一个接一个地，作方式状语。

at short intervals 相隔不久，作状语，修饰arriving

longitudinal  [ˌlɒndʒɪˈtjuːdɪn(ə)l] adj. 纵向的

eg: A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks.

一个非常瘦小而灵巧的人，从观察自己在一连串的纵条影象中，可能会对自己的容貌得到一个大致精确的概念。

transverse  [ˌtrænzˈvɜː(r)s] adj. 横向的

eg: Polarization confirms the transverse nature of light waves .

光的偏振证明了光的横波性质。

原文：These two have travelled through the earth. 

这珍两种波都是穿过地球而来的。

22) These two后面省略了waves。

原文：It was from the study of these thatso much was learnt about the interior of the earth. The third, or main wave, is the slowest and has travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.

正是从这两种波中的研究中，我们可以了解到地球内部的许多情况。第三种波，即主波，是最慢的，是围绕地球通过表面岩石传来的。

23) 该可为强调句。强调部分是 from the study of these。 these 指前文提到的两种 waves。该句的正常语序为:So much was learnt about the interior of the earth from the study of these.